A Guide to Upper Mustang Trek: Unveiling the Forbidden Kingdom

A Guide to Upper Mustang Trek: Unveiling the Forbidden Kingdom

Upper Mustang trek is a popular trekking route in Nepal that takes you to the mystical and remote region of Upper Mustang. This region was once a restricted area and only opened up to trekkers in 1992, making it a relatively untouched and preserved trekking destination.

The trek starts in Jomsom, a lively town in the Mustang region, and continues through the Kali Gandaki River Valley. As you trek further north, you'll enter the red and rocky terrain of Upper Mustang, known for its unique landscape that resembles that of the Tibetan Plateau. Along the way, you'll pass through ancient Tibetan-influenced villages like Kagbeni, Lo Manthang, and Dhakmar. These villages are rich in culture, and you'll get the chance to explore centuries-old monasteries, palaces, and cave dwellings.

One of the main highlights of the Upper Mustang Trek is the opportunity to explore the ancient caves, monasteries, and palaces that date back to the 15th century. The region was once a part of the Tibetan Empire and still has strong Tibetan Buddhist influences. The people of Upper Mustang have preserved their unique culture and traditions over the centuries, making it a fascinating place to visit.

The trek offers breathtaking views of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri mountain ranges. The landscapes are diverse, ranging from high desert areas to deep canyons, and you'll also encounter unique rock formations and ancient cave paintings.

Upper Mustang trek is considered a moderate-level trek, with altitudes ranging from 2,800 meters to 4,200 meters. It is recommended to have some hiking experience and a good level of fitness to undertake this trek. The best time to visit is during the spring and autumn seasons when the weather is relatively stable and clear. Due to its remote location and restricted access, a special permit is required to trek in Upper Mustang.

Upper Mustang Trek offers a unique combination of natural beauty, cultural immersion, and adventure. It is a perfect choice for those seeking an off-the-beaten-path trekking experience in Nepal.

Upper Mustang trek permit price
Upper Mustang is a restricted area, and you'll need special permits to trek here. You'll require a Restricted Area Permit (RAP) and an Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP). The permit fees for the Upper Mustang Trek in Nepal were as follows:

Restricted Area Permit (RAP):
USD 500 per person for the first 10 days.
USD 50 per person per additional day beyond the first 10 days.

Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP):
NPR 3,000 (approximately USD 25) per person.

Best time to visit Upper Mustang
The best time to visit Upper Mustang in Nepal is during the spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) seasons. These months offer the most favorable weather conditions and are the peak trekking seasons in the region. Here's what you can expect during these two seasons:

1. Spring (March to May):
Weather: Spring is a fantastic time to visit Upper Mustang as the weather is relatively mild and stable. The days are warm, and the nights are cool. You can expect clear skies, making it an ideal time for photography.

Blooming Scenery: The region comes to life with colorful wildflowers in bloom, creating a vibrant and picturesque landscape.

Trekking Conditions: Trails are usually dry and stable, making trekking more comfortable. The temperatures are pleasant, and there is minimal risk of snow blocking the passes.

Cultural Festivals: You may have the chance to witness local festivals and celebrations during this season.

2. Autumn (September to November):
Weather: Autumn is another excellent time to visit Upper Mustang. The weather is stable, with clear skies and minimal rainfall. The temperatures are mild, making it comfortable for trekking.

Crystal-Clear Views: You can enjoy breathtaking views of the Himalayan peaks, including Mount Annapurna and Mount Dhaulagiri, with excellent visibility.

Trekking Conditions: The trails are at their best during autumn, and the conditions are generally dry. This is the most popular trekking season in the region.

Cultural Experiences: Autumn is a great time to interact with the locals and participate in cultural activities.

While spring and autumn are the preferred seasons for trekking in Upper Mustang, it's essential to note that this region lies in the rain shadow of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri ranges. This means that it receives significantly less rainfall compared to other parts of Nepal, making it possible to trek even during the monsoon season (June to August). However, the monsoon season may bring some rain, and the trails can be muddy and slippery.

Upper Mustang trek duration from Kathmandu

The duration of the Upper Mustang Trek from Kathmandu can vary depending on several factors, including the specific itinerary you choose, your walking pace, and whether you include side trips. On average, the trek can take approximately 10 to 14 days, including both the trekking and transportation to and from Kathmandu. Here's a general outline of a typical itinerary:

Day 1: Fly from Kathmandu to Pokhara (by air) or drive to Pokhara (by road).
Day 2: Fly from Pokhara to Jomsom and start the trek to Kagbeni or Chele (depending on the itinerary
Day 3-9: Trek through various villages and landscapes in Upper Mustang, including Syanbochen, Ghemi, Charang, and Lo Manthang (the capital of Mustang). You'll have time to explore Lo Manthang and its surrounding areas.
Day 10-11: Trek back to Jomsom, where you can either fly or drive back to Pokhara.
Day 12: Travel from Pokhara back to Kathmandu (by air or road).

This is a general guideline, and you can customize your itinerary based on your preferences and the time you have available. Some trekkers choose to extend their stay in Upper Mustang to explore more villages and side valleys, which would add to the overall duration of the trek. Additionally, it's essential to factor in acclimatization days to adjust to the higher altitudes, especially if you are trekking above 4,000 meters (13,123 feet). These rest days are crucial for your health and comfort during the trek.

How difficult is the Upper Mustang Trek?
Upper Mustang Trek is considered a moderately challenging trek in Nepal, mainly due to its unique terrain, altitude, and remoteness. Here are some key factors that contribute to the difficulty level of the trek:

1. High Altitude: While the maximum elevation of the Upper Mustang Trek does not exceed altitudes commonly found in other popular treks in Nepal, you still need to ascend to altitudes above 3,800 meters (12,467 feet). Acclimatization is crucial to avoid altitude-related problems like Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS). Be prepared for thinner air, which can make physical exertion more challenging.

2. Remote Location: Upper Mustang is one of the more remote trekking regions in Nepal. Facilities such as teahouses, lodges, and medical services are less developed and may be more basic compared to well-traveled trekking routes.

3. Weather Conditions: The region experiences harsh weather conditions, particularly strong winds and cold temperatures. Trekkers should be prepared for cold nights, especially at higher elevations.

4. Long Walking Days: Trekking days can be long, with several hours of walking each day. The terrain can be rough and rocky in some sections, which can slow your progress.

To make the Upper Mustang Trek more manageable, here are some tips:

1. Prioritize acclimatization: Allow for rest and acclimatization days to help your body adjust to the altitude.
2. Trekking experience: While it's not a technical trek, having prior trekking experience can be beneficial.
3. Physical fitness: Maintain good physical fitness through training and preparation before the trek.
4. Go with a local guide: A knowledgeable guide can help you navigate the terrain and provide cultural insights.

Upper Mustang Trek can be a rewarding and unique adventure for those prepared for its challenges. With proper preparation, including physical conditioning and acclimatization, most trekkers can successfully complete the journey while enjoying the breathtaking landscapes and rich culture of the region.

Upper mustang trek food and accommodation
Food and accommodation during the Upper Mustang Trek are quite basic compared to some of the more popular trekking regions in Nepal. Here's what you can expect:

Food:
Most teahouses and lodges along the Upper Mustang Trek offer a limited menu that includes a variety of Nepali and Tibetan dishes. While the options may be basic, you can expect warm and nourishing meals. Common meal options include dal bhat (a traditional Nepali meal consisting of rice, lentil soup, vegetables, and sometimes meat), Tibetan bread, momo (dumplings), noodle soup, fried rice, and pasta.

It's advisable to stick to vegetarian options, as meat may not always be fresh due to the remote location.

It's essential to stay hydrated during your trek. You can purchase bottled water, but this can be expensive and environmentally unfriendly. It's more sustainable to use water purification tablets or carry a water purification system to treat tap water. You can also find a variety of hot and cold beverages at teahouses, including tea, coffee, hot chocolate, and soft drinks. Alcohol may be available, but it's best to consume it in moderation, considering the altitude.

Accommodation:
Accommodation in Upper Mustang is basic, and teahouses or lodges are the primary options. These accommodations may not have the same level of comfort and facilities as those in more popular trekking areas. Rooms are typically simple, with twin beds, basic bedding, and shared bathrooms. Some teahouses may offer rooms with attached bathrooms, but these are limited.

The availability of electricity and hot showers can be sporadic. Charging your devices comes at an additional cost. Water and Drinks:

Cultural highlights of Upper Mustang trek in Nepal
Upper Mustang Trek in Nepal offers a unique and culturally rich experience due to its Tibetan-influenced heritage and remote location. Here are some of the cultural highlights you can expect during this trek:

Lo Manthang: The walled city of Lo Manthang is the cultural capital of Upper Mustang. Inside the city, you can explore narrow streets, ancient monasteries, and traditional mud-brick houses. The King's Palace, home to the Mustangi monarch, is a significant cultural and historical site.

Tiji Festival: If your trekking dates align, witnessing the Tiji Festival in Lo Manthang can be a cultural highlight. This three-day event celebrates the triumph of good over evil and involves colorful processions, masked dances, and religious rituals. It provides a unique insight into the region's religious and cultural practices.

Buddhist Monasteries: Upper Mustang is dotted with ancient Buddhist monasteries (gompas), each with its own unique architecture and religious significance. Some of the notable monasteries you can visit include Choser Gompa, Jampa Gompa, Thupchen Gompa, and Nyphu Gompa. These monasteries often house precious religious artifacts and offer opportunities for meditation and reflection.

Mani Walls and Prayer Flags: Along the trekking trails, you'll come across numerous mani walls (stone walls inscribed with Buddhist mantras) and prayer flags. These symbols of Tibetan Buddhism add to the spiritual and cultural ambiance of the region.

Cultural Interaction: Interact with the local inhabitants of Upper Mustang, who are primarily of Tibetan origin. Engaging with the locals provides insights into their daily lives, traditions, and customs. You can learn about their unique way of life, such as herding yaks and practicing traditional Tibetan medicine.

Ancient Cave Dwellings: Upper Mustang is famous for its ancient cave dwellings, which were once used as homes, monasteries, and meditation chambers. These caves, carved into the cliffs and hillsides, are an integral part of the region's history and culture.

Tibetan Language and Culture: The people of Upper Mustang predominantly speak Tibetan and adhere to Tibetan customs and traditions. You'll hear the Tibetan language, witness Tibetan-style clothing, and gain insights into their cultural practices and spiritual beliefs.

Local Festivals: Depending on your trekking dates, you may have the opportunity to witness local festivals and celebrations. These events often feature traditional dances, music performances, and religious ceremonies that provide a deeper understanding of the local culture.

Traditional Dress: The people of Upper Mustang wear traditional Tibetan clothing, including colorful aprons for women and chubas (long robes) for men. The attire is not only functional but also a significant cultural identifier.

Religious Artifacts: Inside monasteries and homes, you'll find intricate religious art, thangka paintings, and statues. These artistic expressions are integral to the region's cultural and spiritual identity.

When visiting monasteries and cultural sites, it's essential to be respectful, ask for permission before taking photographs, and follow any guidelines or customs provided by the local residents or monks. Engaging with the local culture and customs enhances the overall experience of the Upper Mustang Trek and allows you to appreciate the rich heritage of this remote and culturally vibrant region.

Upper Mustang trek solo
Upper Mustang required special permits, and independent trekking is not allowed. You are required to be part of an organized trek with a registered trekking agency and be accompanied by a licensed guide.

Upper Mustang has been a restricted area for a long time due to its unique cultural heritage and proximity to the Tibetan border. The requirement for a guide and permits was put in place to ensure the preservation of the region's culture and environment while providing trekkers with essential support and safety measures. Please note that to enter Upper Mustang, and to obtain the permit to do so, there must be a group of at least two (2) trekkers.

Respect Local Customs
Respecting local customs and traditions is essential when trekking in Upper Mustang, as it not only ensures a positive and culturally sensitive experience but also fosters goodwill between visitors and the local communities. Here are some important guidelines to help you show respect for local customs during your Upper Mustang Trek:

Dress Modestly: In this conservative region, it's important to dress modestly, particularly when entering religious sites or interacting with locals. Avoid wearing revealing clothing, and dress in a manner that covers your shoulders and knees.

Remove Your Shoes: When entering monasteries, temples, or private homes, it's customary to remove your shoes before stepping inside. Always ask for permission before entering someone's home or sacred space.

Seek Permission for Photography: Always ask for permission before taking photos of individuals, especially monks, and inside monasteries and homes. In some cases, photography may be prohibited or restricted.

Circumambulate Monuments Clockwise: When visiting stupas or chortens (Buddhist shrines), walk around them in a clockwise direction as a sign of respect. This practice is known as circumambulation.

Show Respect for Religious Objects: Do not touch religious artifacts, thangka paintings, or statues unless given explicit permission. Avoid pointing your feet at religious objects or people, as it is considered disrespectful.

Respect Monastic Practices: During religious ceremonies or rituals, maintain silence and do not disrupt the proceedings. Keep a respectful distance, and do not enter restricted areas within monasteries.

Dispose of Trash Properly: Carry out all your trash, including food wrappers and cigarette butts, and dispose of them in designated waste bins or carry them back to lower-altitude towns for proper disposal.

Ask Before Using Water Sources: Always seek permission from locals before using water sources in villages, and use a water purification system to minimize your environmental impact.

Support Local Traditions: Be open to participating in local customs and traditions when invited. Attend festivals or cultural events with respect and enthusiasm.

Be Mindful of Noise: Keep noise levels to a minimum, especially during early morning and evening hours, as many locals follow a daily schedule of meditation and prayer.

Use Right Hand for Gestures: When giving or receiving items, using your right hand is considered polite, as the left hand is traditionally associated with impurity.

By following these guidelines and being mindful of local customs and traditions, you can have a more enriching and culturally sensitive experience during your Upper Mustang Trek. Engaging respectfully with the local culture enhances your connection with the people and the region's unique heritage.